ABSTRACT
Resumo A trombose de veia porta (TVP) é uma doença na qual ocorre trombose desde os ramos intra-hepáticos da veia porta, podendo se estender até a veia esplênica e/ou veia mesentérica superior, estando associada, na maioria das vezes, à cirrose hepática. A TVP não associada a cirrose é rara. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar dois casos de TVP não associados à cirrose, que foram tratados com anticoagulação e tiveram evolução clínica satisfatória.
Abstract Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a disease in which thrombosis occurs from the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, and may extend to the splenic vein and/or superior mesenteric vein. It is most often associated with liver cirrhosis. PVT not associated with cirrhosis is rare. The aim of this article is to report two cases of PVT in which it was not associated with cirrhosis. Both were treated with anticoagulation and clinical progress afterwards was good.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Portal Vein/pathology , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Computed Tomography Angiography , Anticoagulants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introduction: Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition characterized by gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall. Although rare, it may also involve other regions, such as the mesentery. PCI is classified as primary or secondary and is associated with multiple predisposing factors. It may be associated with either a benign condition or a potentially fatal condition, such as mesenteric ischemia. The objective of this study was to review the medical literature on the rare benign presentations of PCI, excluding cases associated with intestinal ischemia.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA statement. We searched PubMed and LILACS databases for articles published between January 2015 and December 2020 using the following Medical Subject Headings: "pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis" and "pneumoperitoneum," "pneumatosis intestinalis," and "pneumoperitoneum" or "mesenteric pneumatosis."Results: We included 51 articles comprising 58 patients with PCI and pneumoperitoneum. Most patients were men, and mean patient age was 64.9 years. We identified an idiopathic etiology in 29.31% of cases, and the most common predisposing factor was immune dysfunction (29.31%). A total of 24.13% of patients were asymptomatic. The most commons symptoms were abdominal pain (43.10%), nausea and vomiting (41.37%), and abdominal distention (37.93%). Diagnostic surgery was conducted in 26 patients (44.82%). Only 1 patient underwent surgical treatment.Conclusions: PCI is a clinical condition that may have a benign etiology and not require surgery. Treatment of the benign etiology is conservative. Thus, life-threatening conditions should be excluded in all cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/diagnosis , Pneumoperitoneum/diagnosis , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/therapy , Pneumoperitoneum/therapy , Risk Factors , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapyABSTRACT
Abstract The purpose of this article is to report the case of a 53-year-old black man, with no previous comorbidities, who presented 48 days after a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, complaining of an initially insidious epigastric pain that had progressed to severe pain radiating to the interscapular vertebral region, with hyporexia and episodes of projectile vomiting, with no nausea or fever. Laboratory tests revealed no signs of acute infection or pancreatic injury. Abdominal computed tomography showed dilated, fluid-filled small bowel loops with thickened walls. After clinical treatment, the patient developed persistent abdominal pain. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding two sites of small bowel stenosis, with no extrinsic cause, and signs of local ischemia and considerable distension of jejunal and ileal loops. After enterectomy and side-to-side enteroanastomosis, the patient recovered satisfactorily and was discharged with a prescription for oral anticoagulants for outpatient use.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o caso de um homem de 53 anos de idade, negro, sem comorbidades prévias, com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 há 48 dias anteriores ao início do quadro de dor epigástrica insidiosa, que evoluiu para dor de forte intensidade que irradiava para região interescapulovertebral, associada a hiporexia e episódios de vômitos em jato, sem náuseas ou febre. Os exames laboratoriais não apresentavam sinais de infecção aguda ou lesão pancreática. A tomografia computadorizada do abdome mostrou alças do intestino delgado dilatadas, cheias de líquido e com paredes espessas. Após terapia de suporte, o paciente evoluiu com dor abdominal persistente. Foi realizada laparotomia exploratória, na qual foram encontrados dois sítios de estenose no intestino delgado sem causa extrínseca, ao lado de sinais de isquemia local e distensão importante das alças jejunais e ileais. Após enterectomia e enteroanastomose primária látero-lateral, o paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória e recebeu alta hospitalar com prescrição de anticoagulantes orais para uso ambulatorial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapy , COVID-19/complications , Constriction, Pathologic , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis , Intestine, Small/physiopathology , Laparotomy , AnticoagulantsABSTRACT
La isquemia mesentérica aguda (IMA) es consecuencia de la oclusión de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) por trombosis o embolia, y es considerada la más letal del síndrome de abdomen agudo. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenina de 69 años con clínica difusa y confirmación diagnóstica radiológica, El objetivo de este caso clínico es proporcionar una revisión bibliográfica actual del tema y facilitar la adecuada actuación ante este problema de salud de amplio compromiso sistémico, y de aparición no tan infrecuente. (AU)
Acute mesenteric ischemia (IMA) is a consequence of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (AMS) by thrombosis or embolism; and it is considered the most lethal of acute abdomen syndrome. The case of a 69 years old female patient with diffuse clinic and radiological diagnostic confirmation is presented. The objective of this clinical case is to provide a current bibliographic review of the topic and facilitate adequate action in the face of this health problem with a broad systemic commitment, and with no appearance so infrequent. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/complications , Acute Disease , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/surgery , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Mesenteric Ischemia/etiology , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapyABSTRACT
La isquemia mesentérica aguda (IMA) es consecuencia de la oclusión de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) por trombosis o embolia, es considerada como la más letal del síndrome de abdomen agudo. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenina de 69 años con clínica difusa y confirmación diagnóstica radiológica, El objetivo de este caso clínico es proporcionar una revisión bibliográfica actual del tema y facilitar la adecuada actuación ante este problema de salud de amplio compromiso sistémico, de aparición no tan infrecuente.
Acute mesenteric ischemia (IMA) is a consequence of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (AMS) by thrombosis or embolism, it is considered the most lethal of acute abdomen syndrome. The case of a 69-year-old female patient with diffuse clinic and radiological diagnostic confirmation is presented. The objective of this clinical case is to provide a current bibliographic review of the topic and facilitate adequate action in the face of this health problem with a broad systemic commitment, with no appearance. so infrequent.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Prognosis , Critical Care , Mesenteric Ischemia/surgery , Mesenteric Ischemia/mortality , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapy , Abdomen, Acute/surgeryABSTRACT
A trombose de veia porta é uma causa rara de abdome agudo vascular e está diretamente relacionada a trombofilias hereditárias ou adquiridas. O caso de um paciente de 60 anos, sexo masculino, com quadro clínico de isquemia mesentérica confirmada por exame de imagem é apresentado. Foi submetido a enterectomia e enteroanastomose e, após esplenoportografia que detectou trombose de veia porta, indicou-se tratamento medicamentoso com infusão contínua de ativador tecidual do plasminogênio recombinante (Alteplase) através de cateterismo seletivo da artéria mesentérica superior. Trata-se de um tratamento inovador. Obteve-se sucesso na recanalização do sistema porta. O paciente evoluiu com quadro de sepse abdominal, necessitando de assistência em terapia intensiva por 25 dias. Evoluiu bem e recebeu alta hospitalar com o uso de anticoagulante. O artigo apresenta uma breve revisão de literatura e discussão do caso clínico
Portal vein thrombosis is a rare vascular cause of acute abdomen and it is directly related to hereditary or acquired thrombophilias. This article presents the case of a 60-year-old male patient, with clinical signs of mesenteric ischemia that was confirmed by imaging examination. He underwent enterectomy and enteroanastomosis and, after detection of portal vein thrombosis by splenoportography, he was prescribed drug-based treatment with continuous infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase) via selective catheterization of the superior mesenteric artery. This is a treatment innovation. The portal system was successfully recanalized. However, the patient developed abdominal sepsis and required intensive care for 25 days. His clinical status improved and he was discharged with a prescription for oral anticoagulant. This article presents a brief review of the literature and a discussion of portal vein thrombosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Catheterization/methods , Mesenteric Artery, Superior , Portal Vein , Thrombosis/therapy , Abdomen, Acute/diagnosis , Abdomen, Acute/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapy , Risk Factors , Splenic Vein , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
Intestinal ischemia occurs when mesenteric blood flow is insufficient for the requirements of the intestine. Acute presentation includes acute mesenteric ischemia, usually secondary to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and ischemic colitis due to decreased vascular flow to vulnerable regions of the colon. It usually presents with abdominal pain and non-specific laboratory abnormalities, so it requires a high index of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and management in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. The following review describes clinical concepts of acute intestinal ischemia, with emphasis on diagnosis and management of these patients.
La isquemia intestinal surge cuando el flujo sanguíneo del territorio mesentérico resulta insuficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos del intestino. El cuadro agudo incluye la isquemia mesentérica aguda, generalmente secundaria a oclusión de la arteria mesentérica superior, y la colitis isquémica debida a disminución del flujo vascular a regiones vulnerables del colon. Se presenta habitualmente con dolor abdominal y alteraciones de laboratorio inespecíficos, por lo que es necesario un alto índice de sospecha clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo precoz con el fin de disminuir su alta morbimortalidad. En la siguiente revisión se exponen principalmente conceptos clínicos acerca de isquemia intestinal aguda, con énfasis en el diagnóstico y manejo de estos pacientes.